In the previous installment, we examined how biodiversity credits convert verifiable ecological improvements into tradable units capable of mobilizing private financing for conservation. However, a key question remains open: who is willing to pay for these credits, and what forces are shaping this emerging global market? Moreover, what is the legal framework in Peru? WhoRead more
In the second installment of this series, we examined how MERESE mechanisms introduce incentives for conservation by financing management and restoration activities. Biodiversity credits, however, represent the next evolutionary step: a system in which financing is activated only when measurable and verified ecological results are achieved. While MERESE mechanisms pay for carrying out activities, biodiversityRead more
In the first installment of this series, we explained the root cause of ecosystem degradation: their value is not reflected in any market price, and the services they generate function as public goods. To address this gap, the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) has created one of the most advanced regulatory frameworks for environmental financingRead more
This is the first blog in the series Financiando a la Biodiversidad en el Perú. This series explores how economics, public policy, and financial innovation can work together to turn conservation into a service with recognized value. We will analyze from the economic theory that explains why ecosystems degrade to new instruments that seek toRead more
The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools is rapidly transforming professional services, and specialized consulting is no exception. I was inspired to write about this topic after a conversation with my nephew, who is studying law. We discussed his employment prospects after graduation. The reflection that emerged from our conversation is that AI now assistsRead more
The term “sustainability” has become a widely used word in business, regulatory and academic discourse. However, its meaning varies significantly depending on who uses it and from which professional or disciplinary lens it is approached. In this post, we explore the ambiguous nature of the sustainability concept, its main interpretations, and how it is appliedRead more
What is the social price of carbon? The carbon price is an economic tool that assigns a monetary value to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, usually expressed in USD per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (USD/tCO₂e). This price aims to reflect the social cost generated by these emissions in terms of climate impacts, health, agriculture,Read more
Photo by Tyler Casey published in Unsplash. On March 17, 2025, through RM 00078-2025-MINAM, the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) published the draft “Guidelines for the identification and incorporation of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in investment projects subject to the National Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA)”. The main objective of these guidelines isRead more
Image by Nick Page from Unsplash. On February 18, 2025, the Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) introduced the Baseline Development Guide Project through RM 00041-2025-MINAM. This guide aims to provide a common reference framework for conducting baseline studies and to assist users in interpreting data to define key environmental impact variables.From my perspective as aRead more
Image by Hans Luiggi from Unsplash. Introduction The Ministry of the Environment (MINAM) has proposed the creation of the Public Environmental Baseline, a platform that would compile environmental information to support the development of environmental permits (EIA). The document proposing this initiative highlights three main problems with the current environmental baselines in project permits: qualityRead more
